Bonds are debt obligations issued by corporations and governments. They are for a fixed sum and pay interest. They have a maturity date, the date when the issuer must pay back the loan. Bonds carry a burden of risk of default and are rated for their safety by two organizations: Standard & Poors and Moody. S&P rates bonds from AAA to D, with AAA being the safest. Moody rates bonds from Aaa to C, with Aaa being the safest.
Government bonds include Treasury Bills, T-Notes and Treasury Bonds, obligations issued by federal government agencies such as Fannie Maes, Ginnie Maes and Sallie Maes, and savings bonds. In addition, state and local municipalities issue tax-free bonds. Corporate bonds are issued by businesses. There are also bond mutual funds.